ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic, which still continues to affect the whole world, has led to an increase in PTSD symptoms in societies, especially individuals who have been diagnosed with the disease and recovered are at significant risk for PTSD have been reported. Although it has been observed that PTSD symptoms of individuals who were infected in the past epidemics such as SARS and Ebola continued for a long time even after the epidemic, it is noteworthy that the studies conducted during the COVID-19 process do not focus enough on people who survived the COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the direct and indirect impact of positivity on PTSD symptoms of individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 and the role of rumination and fear of COVID-19 as potential mediators in this effect. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In the study, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Ruminative Response Scale, Positivity Scale, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were applied to 551 Turkish participants, who survived the COVID-19 disease. SEM-based mediation analysis was used to test hypothesized relationships. RESULTS: Mediating roles of fear of COVID-19 and rumination between positivity and PTSD were tested. Results indicated that rumination and fear of COVID-19 had a full mediating role in the relationship between positivity and PTSD. CONCLUSION: These findings pointed out that positivity might be an indirect protective disposition against COVID-19-related PTSD and might reduce risk factors associated with PTSD among COVID-19 survivors. Mental health practices for COVID-19 patients should aim to increase positive thinking, since they have ruminative thoughts about transmission of the virus and hospitalization process and these thoughts may lead to negative mental health conditions. In this sense, positive psychology-focused implementations can be organized for COVID-19 patients and survivors.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , COVID-19/psychology , Fear , Pandemics , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Survivors/psychologyABSTRACT
Coronavirus pandemic caused anxiety in public. Therefore, this anxiety should be identified quickly. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory (CAS), which determines the anxiety associated with the COVID-19 crisis. The research sample consists of 904 participants from 56 provinces of Turkey. Participants' age ranged from 17 to 71. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good unidimensional structure with a Turkish sample. The correlation between the CAS Turkish version and the Burnout Scale (0.39 p < 0.01) is significant as the convergent validity. Also, correlation between the CAS Turkish version and the Brief Resilience Scale (-0.23 p < 0.01) is significant as the discriminant validity. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) was found 0.81. As a result of the Item Discrimination analysis, it was seen that each of the 5 items was discrimination at the desired level. The item-total correlation values in the scale ranged from 0.73 to 0.79. Overall findings showed that the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were sufficient. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Turkish) Koronavirus pandemisi toplumda endiseye neden oldu. Bu nedenle bu kaygi hizla tespit edilmelidir. Bu calisma COVID-19 krizi ile iliskili anksiyeteyi belirleyen Koronavirus Anksiyete Olcegi'nin (KAO) Turkce versiyonunun psikometrik ozelliklerini incelemeyi amaclamaktadir. Arastirma orneklemi Turkiye'nin 56 farkli ilinden 904 katilimcidan olusmaktadir. Katilimcilarin yaslari 17-71 arasinda degismektedir. Acimlayici ve dogrulayici faktor analizi, Turk orneklemi ile iyi bir tek boyutlu yapi ortaya koymustur. KAO Turkce versiyonunun benzerlik gecerliligi icin kullanilan Tukenmislik Olcegi ile iliskisi (0.39 p<0,01) anlamlidir. Ayrica KAO Turkce versiyonunun ayirtedici gecerliligi icin kullanilan Kisa Psikolojik Saglamlik Olcegi (-0,23 p<0,01) arasindaki iliskisi anlamlidir. Ic tutarlilik katsayisi (Cronbach's Alpha) 0.81 olarak bulunmustur. Madde Ayirt edicilik analizi sonucunda bes maddenin her birinin istenilen duzeyde ayirt edici oldugu gorulmustur. Olcekte madde-toplam korelasyon degerleri 0.73 ile 0.79 arasinda degismektedir. Genel bulgular, Koronavirus Anksiyete Olcegi'nin Turkce versiyonunun psikometrik ozelliklerinin yeterli oldugunu gostermistir. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Pandemic diseases have caused dramatic changes in people's lives throughout history. Today, the COVID-19 virus spreads rapidly and affects human beings around the globe. This study aimed to discover the coping strategies and post-traumatic growth (PTG) experiences of persons who were infected by the COVID-19 virus using the qualitative research method. The research involved 17 individuals, nine of whom were female. All had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Face-to-face and online interviews were conducted with participants. In the analysis of the data, the thematic analysis method was performed by developing themes and sub-themes. The created themes include coping strategies, existential growth, lessons learned from disease, new opportunities, and social growth. These themes indicated positive changes in the lives of persons who were infected by the COVID-19 virus after the COVID-19 disease. Findings and implications for the practice were discussed.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused physical and mental health problems among individuals around the world. Recent studies have reported various mental health problems among both health-care workers and the general population. In this meta-analysis, evidence is provided concerning the relationships between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction] - the most widely used, translated, and validated scale - and mental health problems including, anxiety, stress, depression, distress, post-traumatic stress, and sleep problems among the general population. We searched for relevant studies on Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ERIC databases and conducted a meta-analysis with selected studies in accordance with the inclusion criteria. A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated that fear of COVID-19 was strongly related to anxiety (r = 0.55, n = 19,578), traumatic stress (r = 0.54, n = 8,752), distress (r = 0.53, n = 11,785) as well as being moderately related to stress (r = 0.47, n = 4,340) and depression (r = 0.38, n = 23,835). The correlation with insomnia (r = 0.27, n = 2,114) was modest. These results demonstrate that fear of COVID-19 is associated a wide range of mental health problems among the general population.